3.1 Effect of water against flies.
Aim:
To determine the effect of water on the number of flies that can be repelled.
Hypothesis:
The water will not repel household flies.
Apparatus and materials:
23 flies, petri dish with 10ml of distilled water, an aquarium, stopwatch.
Variables:
Manipulated : Presence of water
Responding : The number of household flies that can be repelled
Fixed : The size of the aquarium
Procedures:
1. All of the aquarium was divided into three zones namely zone A, zone B and zone C with the same length each contained with 23 flies per aquarium
2. 5ml of water in a petri dish was placed inside the aquarium. Another petri dish contained along with a tissue that was dipped in glucose solution as natural feed to the flies.
3. The aquarium was then quickly closed with its cap and aluminum foil was used to cover the lid.
4. The stopwatch was started and observation was made on the 10th minute, 30th minute and 50th minute.
5. The data from the observation was recorded in the table below.
Results:
Table 1: The results of the effect of water against the house fly activity.
Time Concentration | 10th minute | 30th minute | 50th minute | ||||||
Zone A | Zone B | Zone C | Zone A | Zone B | Zone C | Zone A | Zone B | Zone C | |
Water | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 8 |
Discussion:
The experiment shows that water did not influence the behavior of the flies. They randomly flew across the zone within the time observed. None of them died. This shows that water is not an effective insect repellent.
Conclusion:
The water will not repel any household flies. Hypothesis is accepted.
3.2 Effect of three different oil concentrations against house flies activity.
Aim:
To determine the effect of three different concentrations of Pelargonium radula oil formulation on the number of household flies that can be repelled.
Hypothesis:
The higher the concentration, the higher the numbers of household flies that can be repelled.
Apparatus and materials:
23 flies, three different concentrations of the Pelargonium radula extract (1%, 3% and 5%),
3 aquariums with the same dimension and stopwatch.
Variables:
Manipulated : Different concentration of the Pelargonium radula extract
Responding : The number of household flies that was repelled
Fixed : The environment surrounding
Procedures:
1. All of the aquarium was divided into three zones namely zone A, zone B and zone C with the same length each contained 23 flies per aquarium.
2. All of the concentration was placed inside a petri dish before it was placed inside three different aquariums along with a tissue that was already dipped into glucose solution. In each aquarium, 5ml of oil formulation at different concentrations in a petri dish was placed at one edge of the aquarium. Another petri dish contained tissue paper dipped in glucose solution as natural food source.
3. The aquarium was then quickly closed with the lid and aluminum foil was used to cover the lid in order to maximize the spreading of the smell from the extracts.
4. The stopwatch was started and observation was made on the 10th minute, 30th minute and 50th minute.
5. The data from the observation was recorded in the table below.
Results:
Time Concentration | 10th minute | 30th minute | 50th minute | ||||||
Zone A | Zone B | Zone C | Zone A | Zone B | Zone C | Zone A | Zone B | Zone C | |
1% | 7 | 11 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 6 |
3% | 6 | 5 | 12 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 10 |
5% | 4 | 5 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 3 | 5 | 7 |
Note: The number of household flies were less after the 30th minutes because of raining factor.
Table 2: The results of three different concentrations of Pelargonium radula extracts on the number of flies that was repelled in a certain period of time.
Discussion:
The number of flies from the table was decreasing due to the raining factor. At first thought, we plan to place all of the aquariums in the natural environment condition. However, after 30th minutes, rains start to pour down and it affects our control variables which is the environment condition. So, after several discussion with our supervisor, Dr Shukri bin Mat Ali @ Ibrahim, our next experiment will be conducted in a closed room as the control variables.
Conclusion:
There were no results achieved since the experiment was effected by external factor which was the weather.
3.3 Effect of three different oil concentrations against house flies activity.
Aim:
To study the effect of three different concentration of Pelargonium radula extract oil on the number of household flies that can be repelled.
Hypothesis:
The higher the concentration, the higher the number of household flies that can be repelled.
Apparatus and materials:
23 flies, three different concentration of the Pelargonium radula extract (1%, 3% and 5%),
3 aquarium with the exact dimension, stopwatch.
Variables:
Manipulated : Different concentration of the Pelargonium radula extract
Responding : The number of the household flies that can be repelled
Fixed : The environment surrounding
Procedures:
1. All of the aquarium was divided into three zones namely zone A, zone B and zone C with the same length as each other with 23 flies was already in it.
2. All of the concentration was placed inside a petri dish before it was placed inside three different aquarium along with a tissue that was already dipped into glucose solution.
3. The aquarium was then quickly closed with its cap and aluminium foil was used to cover the cap in order to maximize the spreading of the smell from the extraction.
4. The stopwatch was started and observation was made on the 10th minute, 30th minute and 50th minute.
5. The data from the observation was recorded in the table below.
Results:
Time Concentration | 10th minute | 30th minute | 50th minute | ||||||
Zone A | Zone B | Zone C | Zone A | Zone B | Zone C | Zone A | Zone B | Zone C | |
1% | 6 | 12 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 6 |
3% | 3 | 3 | 17 | 4 | 6 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 12 |
5% | 3 | 5 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 14 | 6 | 8 | 9 |
Table 3: The results of three different concentrations of Pelargonium radula extracts on the number of flies that was repelled in a certain period of time.
Figure 3: The result of the 1%, 3%, 5% on the number of flies that had been repelled for the first 10th minutes.
Figure 4: The result of the 1%, 3%, 5% on the number of flies that had been repelled after 30th minutes.
Figure 5: The result of the 1%, 3%, 5% on the number of flies that had been repelled after 50th minutes.
Discussion:
From the data that we have obtained, after 30th minutes the experiment was conducted, there is some differences that can be observed on the number of flies that were being repelled by the 3% and 5% concentration of the Pelargonium radula extracts while for 1% concentration, it seems that there was no response from the flies towards the extraction.
After 50th minutes the experiment was conducted, the 3% concentration shows it effectiveness as flies repellent better than 5% concentration. The 3% concentration managed to repel 12 flies away from Zone A and Zone B which is better than the 5% concentration which only managed to repel only 9 out of 23 flies away from Zone A and Zone B. For 1% concentration, the number of flies that was repelled from Zone A and Zone B is only 6 flies which show that 1% concentration is not the best flies repellent.
Conclusion
The higher the concentration of the Pelargonium radula extraction, the higher the number of flies that can be repelled. The hypothesis is not accepted as 3% concentration is better than 5% concentration.
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